Raws li cov qauv sib txawv ntawm lub zog cia,zog cia technologiestuaj yeem muab faib ua tsib pawg: cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob cia khoom siv hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob khaws cia thev naus laus zis, hluav taws xob txuag hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob txuag hluav taws xob, thiab thermal zog cia tshuab.
◇Hluav taws xob lub zog cia technology
Mechanical zog cia technology
Raws li paub zoo, ntau hom kinetic thiab lub zog muaj peev xwm muaj nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej, xws li dej ntws, cua, dej ntws, thiab nthwv dej; tib neeg kev ua ub no kuj ua kom muaj zog ntawm kinetic thiab muaj peev xwm, xws li txav tib neeg, tsheb, nkoj, thiab dej. Tag nrho cov zog no, ob qho tib si tsim los ntawm cov xwm txheej thiab cov tsim los ntawm tib neeg cov dej num, yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab. Mechanical zog yog qhov suav ntawm kinetic thiab muaj peev xwm zog, lub cev muaj nuj nqis sawv cev rau lub xeev ntawm kev txav thiab qhov siab ntawm ib qho khoom. Lub kinetic thiab lub zog muaj peev xwm ntawm ib yam khoom tuaj yeem hloov mus rau ib leeg; Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sib nrig sib hloov ntawm lub kinetic thiab muaj peev xwm zog, tag nrho cov nyiaj ntawm mechanical zog tseem nyob twj ywm, uas yog, txhua yam lub zog yog conserved.
Mechanical zog cia yog ib lub tshuab uas hloov lub zog mus rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau kev khaws cia thiab tom qab ntawd hloov nws rov qab rau hauv hluav taws xob thaum xav tau. Cov txheej txheem kev siv hluav taws xob zoo ib yam muaj xws li cov twj tso kua mis hydro, compressed cua cia, thiab flywheel zog cia. Cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob txuag hluav taws xob feem ntau muaj lub zog ceev ceev, muaj peev xwm teb tau sai, thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntev, ua rau lawv tsim nyog rau kev tswj hwm kab sib chaws thiab kev siv hluav taws xob thaum muaj xwm ceev. Lawv lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab ntsuas qhov sib txawv nyob ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, txij li feeb mus rau hnub, thiab tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev xav tau ntau lub zog cia.
Pumped hydro cia:
Pumped hydro cia tam sim no yog siv dav tshaj plaws - teev lub zog cia tshuab. Nws siv hluav taws xob los tso dej los ntawm qhov qis - theem reservoir mus rau qhov siab - theem reservoir, khaws cia nws lub zog muaj peev xwm. Thaum lub sijhawm xav tau hluav taws xob siab tshaj plaws, cov dej tso tawm los tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm turbines. Txoj kev no muaj kev hloov pauv tau zoo heev (feem ntau 70%–85%), yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tswj hwm qhov siab tshaj -khiav qhov sib txawv hauv daim phiaj fais fab, thiab muaj peev xwm khaws cia loj thiab ua haujlwm ruaj khov.
Pumped hydro cia yog feem ntau siv los txhawb lub zog txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv kev sib koom ua ke, sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev xav tau hloov pauv, thiab muaj lub sijhawm cia ntev thiab muaj peev xwm cia. Nws txoj ntsiab cai muaj nyob rau hauv daim duab 1-1.
Compressed cua zog cia:
Compressed cua zog cia yuav compressing cua siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas tau tsav compressor thiab khaws cia rau hauv av qhov tsua, tso tsheb hlau luam, lossis cov hlab ntsha siab. Thaum xav tau hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv, cov cua compressed tso tawm, cua sov, thiab siv los tsav lub turbine los tsim hluav taws xob. Compressed cua zog cia feem ntau muaj qhov loj - nplai, ntev - lub zog cia muaj peev xwm, nrog rau kev ua tau zoo feem ntau yog li ntawm 50% mus rau 70%. Cov kev ua tau zoo no tuaj yeem txhim kho ntxiv thaum ua ke nrog cov thev naus laus zis rov qab los. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev koom ua ke nrog loj - nplai txuas txuas ntxiv lub zog hluav taws xob los txhim kho daim phiaj yooj yim thiab ruaj khov.
Flywheel zog cia:
Flywheel lub zog cia siv lub cev muaj zog los tsav lub flywheel ntawm kev kub ceev, hloov hluav taws xob rau hauv lub zog kinetic rau kev khaws cia. Thaum xav tau, lub flywheel siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob los hloov lub zog kinetic rov qab rau hauv hluav taws xob. Flywheel lub zog cia tshuab tau paub txog nws cov lus teb ceev heev (feem ntau nyob rau hauv millisecond ntau) thiab lub neej voj voog siab (txog li pua pua txhiab lub voj voog), ua rau nws tsim nyog rau luv luv -lub sij hawm, siab - lub zog txuag qhov xwm txheej, xws li kab hluav taws xob ntau txoj cai thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis cuam tshuam (UPS). Flywheel lub zog cia feem ntau muaj kev hloov pauv siab, nce mus txog 85%-95%, tab sis nws lub sijhawm cia yog luv luv, feem ntau yog siv los sib npaug luv luv - lub sijhawm hloov pauv hluav taws xob. Daim duab 1-2 qhia txog daim duab schematic ntawm lub flywheel lub zog cia lub zog.
Electrochemical zog cia technology
Electrochemical zog cia yog ib lub tshuab uas hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los ntawm cov tshuaj electrochemical, khaws cia thiab tom qab ntawd hloov nws rov qab rau hauv hluav taws xob thaum xav tau. Nws lub hauv paus yog kev cia thiab tso tawm ntawm lub zog los ntawm kev them nyiaj thiab tso tawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov roj teeb. Electrochemical zog cia tshuab muaj qhov zoo xws li cov lus teb ceev ceev, kev ua haujlwm siab, kev txhim kho yooj yim, thiab cov qauv tsim qauv, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej xws li daim phiaj hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab -txoj cai zaus, ncov- txoj cai hav, thiab hluav taws xob thaum muaj xwm ceev. Tam sim no, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb suav nrog cov hmoov lead-acid roj teeb, npib tsib xee-hlau hydride roj teeb, lithium- roj teeb ion, sodium- ion roj teeb, thiab cov roj teeb ntws, txhua tus muaj nws qhov kev ua tau zoo, kev siv cov xwm txheej, thiab kev loj hlob muaj peev xwm. Nrog rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab, electrochemical zog cia ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav qhov huv huv, qis - carbon, thiab kev nyab xeeb lub zog.
Lead-acid roj teeb:
Lead-acid roj teeb yog ib lub sijhawm ntev- tsim thiab siv dav siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob khaws cia thev naus laus zis. Lawv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus suav nrog kev siv cov hlau lead thiab nws cov oxides ua cov khoom zoo thiab tsis zoo electrode, thiab sulfuric acid aqueous tov raws li cov electrolyte, kom them thiab tawm los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv electrochemical. Lead-acid roj teeb muaj qhov zoo xws li cov nqi tsim khoom tsawg, cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo, kev ntseeg siab, thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv kom muaj zog tshaj thiab tshaj - paug, thiab tau siv dav hauv tsheb pib roj teeb, khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lub zog cia. Txawm li cas los xij, lead-acid roj teeb muaj lub zog tsawg, muaj lub neej voj voog tsawg, thiab muaj cov hmoov lead lom, uas tuaj yeem ua paug rau ib puag ncig yog tias muab pov tseg tsis raug. Txawm hais tias qhov no, lead-acid roj teeb tseem nyob hauv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qee qhov chaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov nqi- cov ntawv thov nkag siab. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg recycling thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlau lead-acid roj teeb yuav yog cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis no.
Nickel{0}}Hlau Hydride (NiMH) roj teeb:
NiMH roj teeb yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas siv cov nickel hydroxide raws li qhov zoo electrode thiab nickel hydride raws li qhov tsis zoo electrode. Lawv muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo xws li lub zog siab ceev, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, thiab lub neej mus ntev. Piv rau cov roj teeb ib txwm muaj, NiMH roj teeb tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg muaj feem xyuam nrog cadmium thiab molybdenum, ua rau lawv zoo ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau siv dav hauv cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob, tsheb hybrid, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob portable. Lawv kuj muaj kev them nqi siab - tso tawm efficiency thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ruaj khov hauv ntau qhov chaw. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj teeb nickel yog lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog thiab dhau - tso tawm siab ntev, ua rau lawv zoo heev hauv cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau them nqi thiab tawm ntau zaus. Txawm hais tias qhov nce ntawm lithium- ion roj teeb nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no tau ua rau muaj kev poob qis hauv kev lag luam ntawm NiMH roj teeb, lawv tseem tuav ib qho chaw hauv cov chaw thov tshwj xeeb.
Lithium{0}}Ion roj teeb:
Cov roj teeb lithium{0}}ion roj teeb yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas ua tiav kev them nyiaj thiab tso tawm los ntawm kev ntxig thiab rho tawm ntawm lithium ions ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes. Lithium lub teeb yuag thiab lub zog siab ceev tau ua rau muaj kev siv ntau ntawm lithium- ion roj teeb hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tsheb hluav taws xob, thiab lub zog tauj dua tshiab. Lithium-ion roj teeb muaj qhov zoo xws li lub neej ntev thiab tsis muaj kev nco, tab sis lawv kuj muaj qee yam kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb, xws li thermal runaway tshwm sim los ntawm overcharging thiab tshaj - tso tawm. Nrog rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm electrochemical ntawm lithium- ion roj teeb tau txhim kho tsis tu ncua, thaum cov nqi tau txo qis, ua rau lawv yog ib lub roj teeb uas siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv khw niaj hnub no. Yav tom ntej, kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob- xeev electrolytes thiab silicon-raws li anodes yuav tsum tau ua kom cov electrochemical kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm lithium{11}} ion roj teeb.
Sodium{0}}Ion roj teeb:
Sodium-Ion roj teeb yog ib qho kev tsim kho tshiab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ceev ceev hauv xyoo tas los no. Lawv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li lithium{2}} ion roj teeb, qhov twg lithium ions intercalate thiab deintercalate ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes rau them thiab tawm. Qhov zoo ntawm sodium- ion roj teeb nyob rau hauv kev nplua nuj thiab tsis tshua muaj nqi ntawm cov khoom siv sodium, thiab lawv txoj kev ywj pheej los ntawm cov peev txheej lithium, ua rau lawv tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov ntawv thov loj - teev lub zog cia. Txawm hais tias lawv lub zog ceev qis dua li ntawm lithium - ion roj teeb, sodium - ion roj teeb muaj kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub voj voog ruaj khov, qis - kub ua haujlwm, thiab kev nyab xeeb, uas qhia tau tias muaj kev cog lus zoo rau kev txhim kho yav tom ntej. Tam sim no, kev tshawb fawb txog sodium{11}}ion roj teeb tsom mus rau kev txhim kho lub zog ceev, txuas lub neej voj voog, thiab txo cov nqi tsim khoom. Nrog kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis tas mus li, sodium - ion roj teeb yuav tsum dhau los ua ib qho kev daws teeb meem tseem ceeb rau loj - teev lub zog cia yav tom ntej.
Flow roj teeb:
Flow batteries yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob uas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob khaws cia rau hauv lub tank sab nraud. Lawv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus suav nrog kev khaws cia thiab tso tawm lub zog los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv electrochemical ntawm ob qhov sib txawv electrolytes hauv lub roj teeb. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj teeb txaus yog lawv tus kheej hloov kho lub zog thiab lub zog tso zis; lub peev xwm khaws cia tuaj yeem nthuav dav los ntawm kev nce cov electrolyte khaws cia, ua rau lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau loj - nplai, ntev - lub sij hawm siv zog cia. Hom roj teeb uas muaj xws li vanadium redox flow batteries thiab zinc / bromine flow batteries. Flow roj teeb muaj lub neej ntev, kev nyab xeeb zoo, thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, tab sis lawv cov peev txheej pib yog siab, thiab cov roj teeb ua haujlwm nyuaj. Nrog rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, lub peev xwm ntawm cov roj teeb ntws hauv qhov loj - teev lub zog cia tau maj mam tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas ua hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv thiab daim phiaj siv hluav taws xob.