Thermal storage technology

Thermal zogRaws li ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws siv los ntawm tib neeg, feem ntau yog muab faib ua peb pawg raws li nws cov qauv kev ua haujlwm: kev paub zoo thermal cia, latent thermal (theem hloov) thermal cia, thiab thermochemical thermal cia. Nws suav txog 40% mus rau 50% ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob, thiab nws cov ntawv siv tau dav heev -ntau yam. Hauv kev txhim kho hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab kev siv hluav taws xob, yuav luag tag nrho cov txheej txheem hloov hluav taws xob cuam tshuam nrog thermal zog. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias tsis muaj lub zog poob thaum lub zog hloov pauv, cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis tsis tshua siv ncaj qha rau hluav taws xob txuag hluav taws xob (piv txwv li, cov xwm txheej uas ob qho tib si tawm tswv yim thiab cov khoom tawm yog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob). Hloov chaw, nws feem ntau siv los ua qhov txuas hauv lub zog hloov hluav taws xob lossis tsuas yog siv rau cov tshuab thermal.

Sensible tshav kub cia

Cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yog ib txoj hauv kev khaws cia thiab tso cov cua sov los ntawm kev siv cov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov khoom. Nws cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yog qhov yooj yim heev: kev cia cua sov lossis tso tawm yog ua tiav los ntawm cua sov lossis cua txias qhov nruab nrab. Thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem no, qhov nruab nrab tsis dhau kev hloov pauv tshuaj lossis theem hloov, ua rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem yooj yim los tswj thiab ua haujlwm ruaj khov. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau hom khoom siv cua sov uas muaj nyob rau ntawm tus nqi qis, ua rau lawv haum rau cov ntawv loj -. Cov thev naus laus zis no tsis yog tsuas yog paub tab tab sis kuj ua rau pom kev siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig kuj tseem ntsib qee qhov teeb meem, xws li lub zog tsis tshua muaj zog, cov khoom siv loj loj, cov cua sov tseem ceeb thaum lub sij hawm ntev - khaws cia, thiab cov zis tsis ruaj khov. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: kua thiab khoom. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua kom sov muaj xws li dej, roj thermal, molten ntsev, thiab kua hlau. Ntawm cov no, dej, vim nws txoj kev nyab xeeb zoo thiab kev ruaj ntseg, thiab qhov tseeb tias nws cov cua sov cia kub feem ntau tsis tshaj 100 degree, yog siv dav hauv cov dej kub hnub ci thiab qhov chaw cua sov. Cov roj cua kub, nrog rau lawv cov thermal conductivity zoo heev thiab dav kev khiav hauj lwm kub ntau, tau siv nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov nruab nrab - thiab siab - kub thermal zog cia daim ntaub ntawv; Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov nqi siab, flammability, thiab qhov muaj peev xwm siab - kev pheej hmoo siab hauv kaw - lub voj voog kaw tau ua rau lawv hloov maj mam los ntawm lwm cov kev xaiv zoo tshaj. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, molten ntsev, nrog rau lawv cov tsis muaj saturated vapor siab, tsis muaj viscosity, siab thermal conductivity, tsis yog -flammability, thiab non{18}} toxicity, ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias sib xws rau mainstream steam parameters thiab kuj pheej yig, ua rau lawv suav hais tias yog ib qho zoo tagnrho xaiv rau hnub ci thermoelectric hloov dua siab tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm qhov kub thiab txias heev, cov ntsev molten yuav corrode pipelines thiab cov cuab yeej muaj feem xyuam, xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv thiab txhim kho lawv cov kev sib raug zoo thiab kev kub ntxhov nrog stainless hlau. Cov hlau ua kua, vim lawv cov thermal conductivity siab heev, suav tias yog qhov muaj peev xwm siab -kub (tshaj 600 degree) thermal cia tov; Txawm li cas los xij, muab lawv cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj zog heev, kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb ntxiv yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias lub cev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, thiab lawv cov nqi siab ua rau lawv nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav.

Cov khoom siv thermal khaws cia muaj xws li pob zeb, pob zeb, thiab cov cib refractory. Piv nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv thermal khaws cia, cov khoom siv thermal khaws cia tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntau dua hauv tib qhov chaw, uas txhais tau tias txo qis ntawm cov khoom siv thiab txo tus nqi tag nrho.

Latent cua sov (theem hloov) thermal cia

Theem hloov thermal zog cia tshuab feem ntau yog nyob ntawm latent cua sov raws li nws lub ntsiab ntawm lub zog cia. Cov thev naus laus zis no siv qhov nqus lossis tso tawm ntau ntawm cov cua sov latent thaum lub sij hawm hloov pauv los khaws cov cua sov. Thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem no, cov khoom siv qhov kub thiab txias yuav luag tas li. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob thermal no muaj qhov zoo zoo xws li lub zog siab ceev thiab ntim me me.

Cov txheej txheem los ntawm qhov teeb meem hloov pauv ntawm ib lub xeev mus rau lwm qhov yog hu ua theem kev hloov pauv. Feem ntau, qhov kev hloov pauv no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv isothermal lossis ze ntawm -isothermal tej yam kev mob thiab nrog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog tseem ceeb - qhov nqus los yog tso tawm ntawm cov cua kub ntau. Lub zog no txhais tau tias yog latent cua sov ntawm theem hloov. Tshwj xeeb, cov cua sov latent koom nrog rau theem kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau yog loj dua li cov cua sov uas tsim nyog. Piv txwv li, dej muaj lub peev xwm kub ntawm kwv yees li 4.2 kJ / kg· degree, thiab thaum lub sij hawm hloov ntawm ib qho khoom mus rau lub xeev ua kua (ice melting rau hauv dej), dej tuaj yeem nqus tau 355 kJ / kg ntawm lub zog raws li cov cua sov ntawm theem hloov. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub zog ceev, siv lub latent tshav kub ntawm theem hloov yog ho superior rau txoj kev uas tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub siab xav tau cua sov.

Kev hloov pauv theem ntawm cov teeb meem feem ntau suav nrog plaub yam: khoom- khoom, khoom- kua, khoom- roj, thiab kua- roj. Txawm hais tias cov khoom siv- roj thiab kua- hloov pauv cov roj muaj qhov ntsuas kub latent siab, qhov hloov pauv loj hauv cov xwm txheej no ua rau muaj kev nyuaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm, yog li txwv lawv daim ntawv thov. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, cov khoom- cov theem hloov pauv, uas tshwm sim thaum cov khoom siv hloov pauv los ntawm ib lub xeev crystalline mus rau lwm qhov, nthuav tawm cov ntim me me hloov pauv thiab qis dua supercooling, tab sis cov cua sov tso tawm los yog absorbed feem ntau qis dua lwm cov txheej txheem hloov pauv. Hauv cov khoom ua kua- cov theem hloov pauv, cov teeb meem hloov ntawm cov khoom mus rau lub xeev ua kua. Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum muaj lub thawv tshwj xeeb los tuav cov kua, qhov ntim hloov me me dua li hauv cov khoom siv- roj thiab cov kua- roj theem hloov, thiab cov cua sov latent cuam tshuam yog ntau dua li cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom{14}} cov theem hloov pauv. Muab cov yam ntxwv no, cov khoom ua tau zoo- cov dej theem hloov pauv tam sim no suav tias yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab siv tau yooj yim hloov cov txheej txheem thermal cia.

Tam sim no, muaj ntau yam khoom siv nyob rau hauv theem hloov thermal cia tshuab, feem ntau muab faib ua ob pawg raws li lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg: organic thiab inorganic. Organic theem hloov cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau suav nrog cov khoom xws li paraffin wax, cawv, thiab fatty acids; thaum inorganic theem hloov cov ntaub ntawv yog sawv cev los ntawm crystalline hydrated ntsev, molten ntsev, thiab hlau los yog lawv cov alloys. Feem ntau hais lus, cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv tau zoo dua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thermal khaws cia hauv qhov qis mus rau nruab nrab qhov kub thiab txias, thaum cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv inorganic pom zoo thermal zog cia kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv nruab nrab mus rau qhov kub thiab txias.

Thermochemical thermal cia

Thermochemical thermal zog cia tshuab boasts tsis tshua muaj zog ceev ceev ntawm ib chav tsev ntim, mus txog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm GJ / m³. Hauv kev sib piv, lub zog ntom ntom ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tsuas yog kwv yees li ib -feem kaum, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob latent tsuas yog ib nrab xwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm kev sib cais cov reactants, cov thev naus laus zis no tuaj yeem ua tiav xoom- poob thermal zog cia ntawm chav tsev kub, yog li tau suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis zoo tshaj plaws rau loj - nplai thiab ntev - lub sij hawm thermal zog cia. Raws li cov kev hloov pauv tshuaj sib txawv koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem khaws cia, thermochemical thermal zog cia tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg tseem ceeb: chemisorption thermal zog cia thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv thermal zog cia.

Chemisorption thermal cia yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau cov ntawv thov nyob rau hauv qis - qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig. Nws tso siab rau kev tsim thiab rhuav tshem ntawm lub cev lossis tshuaj lom neeg lub cev (xws li van der Waals rog, electrostatic rog, thiab hydrogen bonds) ntawm cov khoom adsorbents thiab gaseous adsorbates kom ua tiav cov cua sov thiab tso tawm. Cov tshuab no feem ntau suav nrog ob pawg ntawm cov tshuab: ib qho yog cov dej ntsev ntsev uas siv cov dej vapor ua cov adsorbate; Lwm qhov yog ammonia complex system siv ammonia molecules ua tus adsorbate. Table 1-2 qhia txog cov hom tshwj xeeb, qhov kub thiab txias cia / tso tawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab lub zog cia ntom ntom ntawm ntau cov khoom siv chemisorption thermal cia.

Table 1-2 Cov Khoom Siv Feem Ntau Siv Tshuaj Adsorption Thermal Storage Materials:

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thermal zog cia yog siv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab - thiab siab - qhov kub thiab txias, thiab nws cov tshuab muaj ntau haiv neeg, suav nrog kev hloov kho methane, ammonia synthesis thiab decomposition, hlau hydrides, carbonates, hlau oxides, thiab hlau hydroxides. Cov txheej txheem no ua tiav qhov khaws cia thiab tso tawm ntawm lub zog thermal los ntawm kev tawg thiab rov ua dua ntawm cov ntawv cog lus tshuaj. Hom kev cia lub zog no muaj qhov muaj txiaj ntsig loj, muaj zog ceev ceev, thiab kev ua haujlwm kub ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev siv cov tswv yim, cov teeb meem tseem nyob, suav nrog kev tswj hwm tus nqi, cov khoom siv corrosion, thiab kev cia roj. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua hauv - kev tshawb fawb tob txog cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv cuam tshuam thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntws los txhim kho kev ua tau zoo tag nrho.

Thermochemical thermal zog cia cov tshuab muaj cov qauv nyuaj thiab ntau cov khoom siv pabcuam, ua rau cov nqi pib nqis peev siab. Tam sim no, lawv cov ultra-siab zog ceev ntawm ib chav tsev ntim tsis tau siv tag nrho. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev tswj xyuas meej ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov nyuaj, thiab qee cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj kev ruaj ntseg nruj, ntxiv kev txhim kho tag nrho cov kev ua haujlwm zoo. Yog li ntawd, ntxiv rau hauv - kev tshawb fawb tob txog cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis yog xav tau los daws cov teeb meem no.