Lub zog hluav taws xob tshiab tsim hluav taws xob, sawv cev los ntawm cua thiab hnub ci zog, nthuav tawm lub zog hluav taws xob tseem ceeb hloov pauv thiab tsis paub tseeb. Ob lub zog cua thiab hnub ci hluav taws xob tau cuam tshuam ncaj qha los ntawm cov huab cua hauv cheeb tsam, ua rau cov hluav taws xob tso tawm los yog poob, ua rau muaj teeb meem rau cov kab sib txuas ntau zaus ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob.
Vim muaj kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob thiab cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm kab sib chaws impedance, nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj kev loj ntawm - nplai nruab nrab ntawm daim phiaj sib txuas lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob random, lub zog oscillations yuav tshwm sim, ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv lub zog ruaj ntseg. Qhov no cuam tshuam rau kev thauj khoom thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov phiaj xwm tshiab hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob thoob plaws cheeb tsam, tsim kom muaj peev xwm txaus hauv lub kaw lus kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam lub peev xwm los koom ua ke cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav kev npaj thiab kev lag luam.
Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab feem ntau tsom mus rau peb yam: Ua ntej, los ntawm kev tso cov kab sib chaws- theem loads nyob rau lub sij hawm luv luv, nws ua rau 10-feeb- theem kev tswj fais fab ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob, txo qis - lub sij hawm hloov pauv thiab tag nrho leveraging cov kab hluav taws xob tam sim no lub peev xwm. Thib ob, los ntawm kev tsim cov feeb- theem cov phiaj xwm uas suav nrog cov kev kwv yees tawm hluav taws xob tshiab, thiab raws li luv luv-hnub hnub- ua ntej lub zog tsim hluav taws xob, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab rau hauv ultra- luv- lub sijhawm kwv yees lub zog. Qhov no txhim kho qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev teem caij ntawm ntau yam tsim hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv kab sib chaws, txo qhov kev thov rau cov peev txheej ceev ceev, txhim kho qhov tseeb thiab ruaj khov ntawm daim phiaj kev kwv yees, thiab smooths tawm feeb- theem ntawm lub sijhawm hloov pauv hauv lub zog tshiab, txo qhov cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob.
Peak Shaving thiab Valley Filling
Piv nrog rau cov qauv siv hluav taws xob, kev tsim hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab muaj qhov siv tsawg ntawm nws cov khoom siv lossis cov chav nyob. Ua piv txwv "Peb Norths" thaj tsam ntawm kuv lub teb chaws ua piv txwv, raws li kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv cua, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov cua ua liaj ua teb tag nrho cov zis ntau tshaj 60% ntawm nws cov peev txheej tag nrho yog feem ntau tsawg dua 5%. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev siv kab, kab peev txheej kev npaj feem ntau xav kom ua tau raws li 95% ntawm cov cua xa hluav taws xob xav tau lossis 60% ntawm tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm cov cua ua liaj ua teb. Qhov xwm txheej tseem hnyav dua rau photovoltaics. Yog li ntawd, qee qhov feem pua ntawm cov cua fais fab yuav raug txo qis vim muaj peev xwm kis tau tus mob tsis txaus, thiab lub hnub ci zog yuav raug txo qis vim kev thauj khoom tsis sib xws (anti-peak-shaving yam ntxwv).
Kev tsim hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab, nrog rau nws qhov ntev heev - lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm ib teev nyob rau ib hnub, thiab tuaj txog ntawm qhov xav tau hluav taws xob siab tshaj plaws thaum yav tsaus ntuj (feem ntau 7-10 teev tsaus ntuj), yuav ua rau lub cev muaj peev xwm nce thiab nqis. Cua zog, ntawm qhov tod tes, feem ntau ncav cuag tag nrho cov zis nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tag hmo, thaum lub load yog nyob rau ntawm nws qis tshaj plaws ntawm nruab hnub. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov tsis paub tseeb hauv kev kwv yees kev tsim hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab, ob lub zog hluav taws xob thiab cov qauv tsim hluav taws xob yuav tsum muaj kev pheej hmoo tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog kev sib sib zog nqus shaving.
Peak shaving thiab valley filling siv lub sijhawm- hloov cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog cia kom ua kom muaj peev xwm sib kis tau zoo tshaj plaws, txo qhov xav tau kom phim cov qauv thauj khoom, thiab txo qhov kev thov kom muaj peev xwm nce thiab txo qis los ntawm cov qauv tsim tawm.
Los ntawm summing cov muab txhua hnub load nkhaus P_l nrog lub zog tauj dua tshiab zog tsim tawm nkhaus P_{NE}, peb yuav tau txais qhov kawg system sib npaug load nkhaus ∑P_i, piv txwv li, ∑P_i=P_l - P_{NE}. Txawm li cas los xij, xav txog cov kev cai tso zis ntau yam ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob thiab qhov siab tshaj -shaving fais fab nroj tsuag, thiab lub zog siab tshaj plaws P_L uas cov kab sib txuas hauv cheeb tsam tuaj yeem xa los yog tau mus rau sab nraud kab sib chaws, lub zog siab tshaj plaws P_{max} ntawm daim phiaj - txuas txuas yog:
P_{max}=μ(P_f + P_b + P_L) (3-3)
Qhov twg:
tib qhov chaw koj yuav pom sab nraum tsev
- P_f-Qhov tso zis siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub ncov-shaving units;
- P_b-Qhov tso zis tsawg kawg ntawm cov units uas tsis tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv qhov siab tshaj plaws shaving;
- μ-Grid kis tau tus mob thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Nyob rau hauv cov mis, C sawv cev rau cov zis hluav taws xob tswj coefficient ntawm lub ncov -shaving unit. Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub zog yog qhia hauv daim duab.
Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ua tau zoo zog P_{min} ntawm daim phiaj- txuas txuas yog:
Thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom qis tshaj t₁–t₂, lub peev xwm downward tswj tau tseg los ntawm cov pa peak-shaving units yog lub siab tshaj plaws lub zog tauj dua tshiab P'_{NE} uas daim phiaj tuaj yeem txais tau lub sijhawm no, piv txwv li, P'{NE}=P{max} - P_{min} (3-5} hnub tawm, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tso tawm P lub zog tsim thaum lub sij hawm t₁–t₂ tsuas yog ua tiav los ntawm cua / hnub ci curtailment).
Nws tuaj yeem pom tias tsis muaj lub zog cia, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv dua thaum lub sijhawm t₁–t₂ tsuas yog txwv; Txawm li cas los xij, nrog lub zog cia, them nyiaj thaum lub sij hawm t₁–t₂ thiab tso tawm thaum lub sij hawm t₃–t₄ hloov qhov zoo sib npaug load nkhaus ∑P_i nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm P_{min} thiab P_{max}, zam kom tsis txhob muaj lub zog tauj dua tshiab cov kev txwv thiab cua / hnub ci curtailment, txhim kho cov kev xav tau ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab, txo qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev nqus thiab kev nqus tag nrho. efficiency. Lub zog P_{BESS} ntawm BESS (Battery Energy Storage System) yog:
P_{BESS}=max( P_{min} - ∑P_{min}, ∑P_{max} - ∑P_{max} ) (3-6)
Lub zog E_{BESS} ntawm BESS yog:
E_{BESS}=max{μ_c ∫{t₁}^{t₂} (P{min} - ∑P_i) dt , 1/μ_d ∫{t₃}^{t₄} (∑P_i - P{max}}
Qhov twg:
- μ_c -- Them efficiency ntawm lub zog cia system;
- μ_d -- Tshem tawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog cia.
Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv nyob rau hauv qhov dav dav qhia tau hais tias rau cov load peaks thiab hav uas feem ntau ntev, configuring ib lub zog cia system ntawm ib tug muaj peev xwm yuav ua tau zoo txo lub ncov - hav txawv, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab.
Kev txhim kho theem ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws load -valley sib txawv yog:
- Qhov twg Pimaxyog qhov siab tshaj qhov xav tau load;
- Pimaxyog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus xav tau load.
Lub zog cia system configuration txoj kev zoo ib yam li yav dhau los thiab yuav tsis rov qab.
Txhim kho qhov kev kwv yees qhov tseeb
Raws li NBT32011-2013 "Technical Requirements for Power Prediction System of Photovoltaic Power Station", lub hauv paus ntsiab lus square yuam kev ntawm luv luv-lub sij hawm kwv yees thaum lub sij hawm tsim hluav taws xob ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb photovoltaic (tsis suav nrog cov sij hawm tsis pub dhau) yuav tsum tsawg dua 0.15% ntau dua, thiab lub hli yuav tsum zoo dua; lub hauv paus txhais tau tias qhov yuam kev ntawm plaub teev ntawm ultra- qhov kev kwv yees luv luv yuav tsum tsawg dua 0.1, thiab tus nqi hla txhua hli yuav tsum ntau dua 85%.
Raws li "Interim Measures for the Administration of Wind Farm Power Forecasting and Early Warning", qhov kev ua yuam kev siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kev kwv yees niaj hnub nkhaus ntawm cua ua liaj ua teb yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 25%, qhov tiag - lub sij hawm kwv yees yuam kev yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 15%, thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus square yuam kev ntawm kev kwv yees rau tag nrho hnub yuav tsum tsawg dua 20%.
Ob qho luv-lub sij hawm thiab ultra- luv- lub sij hawm kwv yees muab cov ntaub ntawv kwv yees ntawm 15 feeb ib ntus. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab tuaj yeem faib thiab tswj tau ntawm 15 feeb ib ntus, nrog rau 96 ntu tswj txhua hnub. Qhov tso cai tswj kev ua yuam kev bandwidth ΔP yog tsim los ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai yuam kev hauv cov lus qhia txog kev kwv yees. Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 3-8, P(1) thiab Pe(2) yog cov kwv yees lub hwj chim qhov tseem ceeb rau thawj thiab thib ob 15-feeb intervals, raws li, thaum AP yog qhov tso cai yuam kev bandwidth, teem rau 15% ntawm lub installation peev xwm ntawm lub zog tshiab zog.
Luv luv- lub sij hawm hloov pauv smoothing ntawm lub zog tshiab lub zog tsim
Lub sijhawm luv luv - lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob tshiab yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob ruaj khov. Daim phiaj hluav taws xob tam sim no txwv rau kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob tshiab ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob tshiab- txuas lub zog hluav taws xob tau qhia hauv cov lus hauv qab no.
Table 3-2: Kev txwv ntawm Kev Hloov Lub Hwj Chim rau Daim phiaj-Txuas Kev Txuas Hluav Taws Xob Tshiab
| Txhim Kho Lub Peev Xwm Tshiab Lub Zog Hluav Taws Xob (MW) | Kev hloov pauv siab tshaj plaws hauv lub zog muaj zog tshaj 10 feeb (MW) | Kev hloov pauv siab tshaj plaws hauv lub zog ua haujlwm dhau 1 feeb (MW) |
|---|---|---|
| < 30 | 10 | 3 |
| 30 ~ 150 | Nruab Muaj Peev Xwm / 3 | Nruab Muaj Peev Xwm / 10 |
| > 150 | 50 | 15 |
Hauv kev siv hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv ua kom zoo dua qub, BESS (Power Equipped Element System) yog siv los khaws thiab tso tawm lub zog hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab, tshem tawm feeb- theem hluav taws xob hloov pauv hauv daim phiaj hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab- txuas. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke P hloov pauv ntawm lub zog cia PBEss (Power Element System) thiab lub zog tauj dua tshiab Pv (Power V) ua tau raws li cov lus hais saum toj no, nrog rau lub sijhawm tswj lub sijhawm feem ntau teem rau 1 feeb. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li cov algorithms uas txhim kho kev kwv yees qhov tseeb, txoj hauv kev no feem ntau tsom rau lub zog hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev xaiv lub zog tshwj xeeb ntawm BESS, cov ntaub ntawv piv txwv qhov chaw rau kev txheeb xyuas kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev txheeb xyuas qhov tshwm sim yuav yog feeb- qib thiab 10-feeb-theem lub zog hloov pauv ntawm cov hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab.
Lub zog thiab lub peev xwm tsim ntawm BESS tseem tuaj yeem ua raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob yav dhau los thiab cov kev hloov pauv hauv kev siv hluav taws xob, txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo hauv 80% mus rau 90% ntawm cov neeg mob. Qhov no yuav tsis rov hais dua ntawm no. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias lub zog hloov pauv tau raws li cov kev xav tau saum toj no, ob lub ntsiab BESS lub zog tswj cov txheej txheem siv:
- Ib qho yog qhov taw tes - los ntawm - txoj kev txwv qhov taw tes;
- Lwm qhov yog qhov qis -pass filtering txoj kev.
Point -los ntawm -point limit method
Siv daim duab ua piv txwv, daim duab qhia pom qhov sib piv loj ntawm lub zog tshiab tso zis Pne(j) ntawm lub sij hawm j thiab cov zis sib xyaw P(J-n) dhau 10 feeb dhau los. Nws tuaj yeem pom tias lub sijhawm (j-3), uas yog, qhov hloov pauv ntawm P (j-3) thiab Pne(j) yog qhov loj tshaj plaws, thiab nws tshaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 10 feeb. Qhov sib piv qhia tau hais tias △ P10.
Yog li, txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li 10-feeb lub zog hloov pauv, qhov tso zis ntau ntawm BESS (zoo rau them, tsis zoo rau kev tso tawm) yog:
Tsawg- dhau txoj kev lim dej
Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus filtering nyob rau hauv lub teeb liab ua, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab, lub low -pass lim ua rau cov zis teeb liab smoother los ntawm kev ntxiv los yog rho tawm lub amplitude ntawm lub input teeb liab. Ib yam li ntawd, kev nkag mus ntawm BESS tseem yuav ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov zis hluav taws xob ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob tshiab los ntawm nws cov kev them nqi thiab kev tso tawm, txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.
Tus nqi xav tau ntawm tag nrho daim phiaj - txuas fais fab ∑P\\sum P∑P yog muab los ntawm:
Discretize cov ntaub ntawv, qhov twg t yog lub sij hawm tswj, thiab peb siv 1 feeb:
∑P(j)=(τ / (τ + t)) * ∑P(j-1) + (t / (τ + t)) * P_ne(j)
Muab ∑P(j)=P_ne(j) - P_bess(j)
P_bess(j)=(τ / (τ + t)) * (P_ne(j) - ∑P(j-1))
P_bess(j)=(τ / (τ + t)) * (∑P(j) - ∑P(j-1))
Raws li daim phiaj -kev sib txuas hluav taws xob hloov pauv kev xav tau, feeb- theem hloov pauv ntawm ∑P(j) yuav tsum txaus siab:
|∑P(j) - ∑P(j-1)| Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug min(ΔP_i, 0.1 P_0)
Hloov cov qauv kev suav rau Pbess(j) peb muab:
